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Mesopotamia / Babylonia /
Chaldeans, 9th Dynasty
Babylonian: bābili
Old Persian: babirush
Era of Mesopotamian history in which the rulers of Babylon conquered large lands in Mesopotamia and into Syria. The period is defined to 625-539 BCE, 86 years.
History
Around 625: The Chaldean king, Nabopolassar, makes Babylon his capital, and a new great era starts for Babylonia.
612: In an alliance with the Medes, the Babylonian king Nabopalassar (626- 605 BCE), defeats Assyria, and brings the kingdom to a final end.
605: King Nebuchadnezzar 2 wins a decisive victory against the Egyptians at Carchemish — Egypt had until then carried out many campaigns in the region after the fall of Assyria. During his reign, Babylonia becomes a new great power, politically and culturally.
562: Following the death of Nebuchadnezzar 2, there was a power struggle between several contenders for the throne. This resulted in a weaker Babylonia.
539: After capturing king Nabonidus of Babylonia, Persia is able to conquer Babylon without meeting resistance. Babylonia was annexed to Persia. This represent the end of what we call Babylonia, but much of the culture and most of the cities survived for some additional centuries.
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