B

Ba
Baal
Baalbek
Bab (Islam)
Bab (Babism)
Babel, Tower of
Babi
Babism
Babol
Babylon
Babylonia
– religion
Badr, Battle of
Badr, Muhammad al-
Baghdad
Baghdad Pact
Baha'i
Baha'ullah
Bahrain
Bakr, Ahmad
Balfour Declaration
Balikesir
Bam
Bandar-e Abbas
Bandar-e Anzali
Bandirma
Banha
Banna, al-Hassan
Banna, Sabri l-
Banu Hillal
Baptism
Ba'quba
Barak, Ehud
Baraka
Barbarossa
Barbary coast
Barbary pirates
– First War
– Second War
Bari
Bar/Bat Mitzvah
Barzani, Masud
Barzani, Mustafa
Basil 1
Basil 2
Basilicus
Basra
Bastet
Ba'th Party
Batman
Batna
Battle of Three Kings
Baybars 1
Al-Bayda
Bayezid 1
Bayezid 2
Bechar
Bedouins
Beer Sheva
Begin, Menachim
Behbehan
Beirut
Beja
Bejaïa
Bekaa Valley
Bektashi
Ben Ali, Zine el Abidine
Ben Bella, Ahmed
Ben-Gurion, David
Benghazi
Beni Mellal
Beni Suef
Berber
Berbers
Bergama
Berri, Nabih
Bes
Bethlehem
Bey
Bible
Bid'a
Bilecik
Bilharziasis
Bingöl
Birjand
Bishop
Biskra
Bismillah
Bitar, Salah al-Din
Bitlis
Bizerte
Black Spring
Blida
Bodrum
Bolu
Book of the dead
Bordj Bou Arreridj
Borujerd
Boufarik
Bouïra
Boumedienne, Houari
Bourguiba, Habib
Bou-Saada
Bouteflika, Abdelaziz
Brayqa
Brotherhood
Bubastis
Bukhari
Kermanshah
Buraydah
Bursa
Bushehr
Buto
Byblos
Byzantine Empire

C

Cairo
Calah
Caliph
Cambyses 2
Camel
Canaan
– religion
Cappadocia
Carthage
Casablanca
Cedar
Ceuta
Chalcedon
Chaldean Catholic Church
Chamoun, Camille
Chanukkah
Cheb Mami
Chefchaouen
Chehab, Fuad
Cheikha Rimitti
Ech Cheliff
Cherry
Chinguetti
Chott el-Jerid
Christ
Christianity
– Armenian Orth.
– Coptic Orth.
– Eastern Rite
– Armenian
– Chaldean
– Coptic
– Maronite
– Melkite
– Syrian
– Greek Orthodox
– Nestorian
– Protestants
– Roman Cath.
– Syrian Orth.
Christian iconoclasm
Christmas
Church
Ciller, Tansu
Circassians
Cleopatra
Coffee
Constans 2
Constantine
Constantine 1
Constantine 3
Constantine 4
Constantine 5
Constantine 6
Constantine 7
Constantine 8
Constantine 9
Constantinople
Constantius 2
Copts
– language
– catholic church
– orthodox church
Corum
Council
– Nicaea, First
– Constantinople, First
– Ephesus
– Chalcedon
– Constantinople, Second
– Constantinople, Third
– Nicaea, Second
Croesus
Crusades
Ctesiphon
Couscous
Cuneiform writing
Cush
Cyrenaica
Cyrus 2 the Great

D

Dagan
Dahuk
Dakhla Oasis
Damascus
Damghan
Damietta
Dammam
Darab
Darwish, Mahmoud
Darius 1
Darius 2
Darius 3
Date
King David
Dead Sea
Deir ez-Zawr
Demirel, Süleyman
Demotic script
Den
Dendera
Denizli
Der'a
Derna
Dervish
Devil worshipers
Devsirme
Dey
Dezful
Dhahran
Dhamar
Dhikr
Dhimmi
Dhofar
Dilmun
Dinka
Diocese
Divrigi
Diwaniyah
Diyarbakir
Djedkare
Djelfa
Djer
Djet
Docetism
Dogubeyazit
Doha
Donatism
Dougga
Draa valley
Dragut
Druze
Dubai

E

Easter
Eastern Rite Churches
Eban, Abba
Edessa, Countship of
Edfu
Edirne
Edom
Ecevit, Bülent
Egypt
– Ancient
– Language
– Religion
– Gods
Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty
Eilat
El
Elam
Elazig
Elephantine
Emir
Enki
Enlil
Enuma Elish
Ephesus
Erbakan, Necmettin
Erdogan, Recep Tayyip
Eridu
Erzurum
Esfahan
Eshkol, Levi
Eskisehir
Esna
Essaouira
Essenes
Euphrates
Eucharist
Eunuch

F

Fahd
Faisal 1 (Saudi Arabia)
Faisal 1 (Iraq)
Faisal 2
Farabi, Al
Faruk
Fatah, Al
Fatiha
Fatima
Fatimids
Fatwa
Fayoum
Fez
Fezzan
Fig
Figuig
Fiqh
First Palestinian War
Firuzabad
FIS
FLN
Franjieh, Suleiman
Frankincense
Fu'ad 1
Fundamentalism
Fur
Fustat

G

Gabes
Gadhafi, Mu'ammar
Gafsa
Gaiseric
Galilee, Sea of
Garamantian Empire
Garum
Gatha
Gaza
Gaza Strip
Gaziantep
Gebel Barkal
Gebze
Gelibolu
Gelimer
Gemara
Gemayel
– Amin
– Bashir
– Pierre
Ghadames
Ghardaïa
Gharyan
Ghashmi, Ahmad
Ghat
King Ghazi 1
al-Ghazzali
Ghazzawi, Izzat al-
Ghurfa
GIA
Gilgamesh
Giresun
Giza
– Pyramids
Glubb, John
Gnosticism
Golan Heights
El-Golea
Gorgan
Gospel
Goulimime
Great Manmade River
Greek Orthodox Church
Guelma
Abdullah Gül
Gulf War
Gümüshane
Gunthamund

H

Hadith
Abdel Halim Hafez
Haganah
Haggada
Haifa
Ha'il
Hajj
al-Hajjaj
Hajjiyy/a
Hakim, Tawfiq al-
Hakkari
Halacha
Halwa
Hama
Hamadan
Hamas
Hamdi, Ibrahim
Hamilcar Barca
Hammam
Hammamet
Hammurabi
Code of Hammurabi
Hamoukar
Hamza El Din
Hanafi
Hanbali
Ismail Haniya
Hannibal
Haoma
Harem
Hariri, Rafiq
Harissa
al-Hasa Oasis
Hasdrubal
Hasdrubal Barca
Hasideans
Hashish
Hassake
Hassan al Askari
Hassan
Hassan 2
Hassan, Prince
Hathor
Hathra
Hatshepsut
Hattusha
Haza, Ofra
HCE
Hebrew
Hebron
Heb-Sed festival
Heliopolis
Helou, Charles
Helwan
Henna
Heraclius
Heraclonas
Herakleopolis
Heresy
Herihor
Hermopolis Magna
Mount Hermon
Hierakonpolis
Hieratic script
Hieroglyphs
Hijab
Hijaz
Hijaz Railway
Hijra
Hilderic
Al Hillah
Himyarites
Hinduism
Hisham
Histadrut
Hittite
– kingdom
– religion
– language
Hizbullah
Al-Hoceima
Hofuf
Hoggar
Holy Week
Homosexuality
Homs
Horemheb
Hormuz, Strait of
Horus
al-Hoss, Salim
Hrawi, Elias
Hudayda
Huneric
Huni
Hurghada
Husayn
Hussein, Saddam
Hussein 1
Hyksos
Hypostyle hall

I

Ibadi
Ibb
Ibn Batuta
Ibn Khaldoun
Ibn Sa'ud
Ibn Taymiya
Ibn Tufayl
Ibn Tumart
Ibrahim
Ibrahim Pasha
Sultan Ibrahim
Idir
Idris
Id al-Fitr
Id al-Kabir
Ihram
Ijma
Ijtihad
Ilam
Imam
Imhotep
Ismail Pasha
In Salah
Ismet Inönü
Intef 1
Intef 2
Intef 3
Intifada
Iran
Iran-Iraq War
Iraq
Irbid
Irbil
Irene
Iriha
Iryani, Abdurrahman al-
Isauria
Isis
Iskenderun
Islam
– Calendar
– Ibadi
– Shi'i
– Sunni
– Alawites
Islamic Jihad
Islamism
Ismailia
Isma'ilism
Isnad
Isparta
Israel
– Israel-Lebanon Conflict 2006
Istanbul
Izmir
Izmit

J

Jadid, Salah
Jadida, El
Jaffa
Jafar as Sadiq
Jafari
Janissaries
Jedda
Jem, El
Jenin
Jesus
Jesus-Judaism
Jerash
Jerba
Jericho
Jerusalem
Jerusalem, Kingdom of
Jew
Jewish calendar
Jihad
Jijel
Jinn
John, Gospel of
John 1
Jordan
Jordan River
Jovian
Jubail
Judaism
Conservative
– Orthodox
– Reform
– Ashkenazi
– Sephardi
– Neturei Karta
Jugurtha
Julian
Jumblat, Kamal
Jumblat, Walid
Justin 1
Justin 1
Justinian 1
Justinian 2

K

Ka
Ka'ba
Kabylia
Kadima
Kaedi
Kafr ash-Shaykh
Kahramanmaras
Kairouan
Kalabsha
Karabük
Karaism
Karaj
Karak
Karami, Rashid
Karbala
Karnak
Kars
Karun
Kasbah
Kashan
Kasserine
Kassites
Kastamonu
Kawa
Kayseri
Kazerun
Le Kef
Kemal, Mustafa
Kenitra
Kerma
Kerman
Kermanshah
Ketama
Khaba
Khadija
Khafre
– Pyramid of
Khaled
Khalid
Khalil, Al
Khamis Mushayt
Kharga Oasis
Kharijis
Kharj
Khartoum
Khat
Khatami, Mohammed
Khayyam, Omar
Khemisset
Khenchela
Khentkawes, Tomb of
Khnum
Khobar
Khomeini, Ayatollah
Khonsu
Khorramabad
Khorramshahr
Khouri, Bishara
Khouribga
Khufu
– Pyramid of
Al-Khoms
Khutba
Khvoy
Kibbutz
Kiddush
Kippah
Kirikkale
Kirkuk
Kizilbash
Knesset
Kom Ombo
Konya
Koran
Kosher
Kothar
Ksar el-Kebir
Kufa
Kufra
Kurdistan
Kurdistan Republic of Mahabad
Kurdish
Kurds
Al Kut
Kütahya
Kuwait
Kuwait City

L

Laayoune
Labour Party (Isr.)
Laghouat
Lahoud, Emile
Lake Nasser/ Nubia
Larache
Last Supper
Latakia
Latin Empire of Constantinople
Lawrence of Arabia (Thomas Edward)
Lebanon
– Civil War
– Israel-Lebanon Conflict 2006
Lebanon Mountains
Lent
Leo 1
Leo 2
Leo 3
Leo 4
Leo 5
Leo 6
Leontius
Leptis Magna
Levant
Leviathan
Libya
Libyan desert
Likud
Litani River
Liwa Oasis
Lixus
Luke, Gospel of
Luxor
Luxor Temple
Lycia
Lydia

M

Maadi
Maahes
Maat
Macedonianism
Madina
Madaba
Madhhab
Maghnia
Maghreb
Mahabad
Mahalla al-Kubra
Mahdi
al-Mahdi
El Mahdi
Mahdia
Mahfouz, Naguib
Mahmud 1
Mahmud 2
Maimonides
Malatya
Malayer
Malik ibn Anas
Maliki
Mamluk
Mamluks
Manama
Mandeans
Mandulis
Manetho
Mani
Manisa
Manichaeism
al-Mansur
Mansura
Marabout
Maragheh
Marcian
Marcionism
Mardin
Marduk
al-Marj
Marlik
Mark, Gospel of
Maronite Church
Marrakech
Marsa Matruh
Marwan 1
Marwan 2
Mary
Masada
Mascara
Mashhad
Mashriq
Masjed-e Soleyman
Masinissa
Mastaba
Matmata
Matthew, Gospel of
Maurice
Mauritania
Mawlid
Mazdakism
al-Ma'mun
Mecca
Medea
Medes
Media
Medinet Habu
Mehmed 1
Mehmed 2
Mehmed 3
Mehmed 4 Avci
Mehmed 5 Resat
Meir, Golda
Meknes
Melkite Church
Melilla
Memphis
Menderes, Adnan
Menes
Menkauher
Menkaure
– Pyramid of
Mentese Dynasty
Mentuhotep 2
Mentuhotep 3
Mentuhotep 4
Merenre 1
Queen Merneith
Merneptah
Meroë
Mersin
Mesopotamia
Messiah
Mevlevi
MIA
Michael 1
Michael 2
Michael 3
Michael 4
Michael 5
Middle East
Midrash
Mihna
Mihrab
Miliana
Minaret
Minbar
Minya
Mishnah
Misrata
Misyar
Mitanni
Mithra
Mithraism
Mithradates 1
Moab
Mohammedia
Monarchianism
Monastery
Monasticism
Monastir
Monk
Monophysitism
Monothelitism
Montanism
Moorish Spain
Morocco
Moses
Mosque
Mosque of Hassan 2
Mossad
Mostaganem
Mosul
Mot
Moulay Idriss
Moulay Ismail
Mount Hermon
M'sila
Mu'awiyya 1
Mubarak, Hosni
Muezzin
Mufti
Mugla
Muhammad
Muhammad 5
Muhammad 6
Muhammad Ali
Muhammad al Baqir
Muhammad al Mahdi
Muhammad at Taqi
Muharram
Mukalla
Mukha
Mummy
al-Muqtadir
Murad 1
Murad 2
Murad 3
Murad 4
Murji'is
Musandam
Musa al Kazim
Muslim
Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Muslim Brotherhood
– Egypt
– Jordan
– Palestine
– Saudi Arabia
– Syria
Muslim iconoclasm
Musqat
Mustafa 1
Mustafa 2
Mustafa 3
Mut
al-Mutanabbi
al-Mutawakkil
Muwahhidun
Mut'a
al-Mu'tadid
al-Mu'tamid
al-Mu'tasim
Mu'tazilis
Myrrh
M'zab

N

Nabateans
Nabeul
Nablus
Nador
Naguib, Muhammad
Nahayan, Khalifa al-
Nahayan, Zayed al-
Nahj al-Balagha
Najaf
Najd
Najran
Napata
Naqada
Narmer
Nasser, Gamal Abdu l-
an-Nasir
Nasiriyah
Nazareth
Nebuchadnezzar 2
Nectanebo 1
Nectanebo 2
Neferirkare
Nefertiti
Nefta
Negev Desert
Neith
Neko 2
Neo-Wafd
Nephthys
Nestorian Church
Nestorius
Nestorianism
Netanya
Netanyahu, Benjamin
Neturei Karta
New Testament
New Valley Project
Neyshabur
Nicephorus 1
Nicephorus 2
Nile, The
Nile Delta
Nimeiri, Gafar Mohammad
Nimrud
99 names of God
Nineveh
Nippur
Niqab
Nitiqrit, Queen
Nome
Noor, Queen
North Africa
Nouadhibou
Nouakchott
Nuba
Nubia
– language
– people
– Ancient religion
– Ancient gods
Nuer
Numidia
Nun
Nun
Christianity
Nureddin
Nusaybin
Nusayris
Nut
Nyuserre

O

Oasis
Obelisk
Ogdoad
Old Testament
Olive
Olmert, Ehud
Oman
Omdurman
On
Opet
Oran
Ordu
Orhan
Orient
Orontes River
Orthodox
Orumiyeh
Osama bin Laden
Osiris
Oslo Agreement
Oslo 2 Agreement
Osman 1
Osman 2
Osorkon 2
Ottoman Empire
Oualata
Ouargla
Ouarzazate
Oud
El Oued
Oujda
Ould Daddah, Moktar
Oz, Amos
Turgut Özal

P

Pahlavi, Reza Shah
Pahlavi, Muhammad Reza Shah
Palestine
Palestine National Charter
Palmyra
Papyrus
Parthia
Parthian Dynasty
Pasha
Patriarch
Paul
Pekkan, Ajda
Pelagianism
Pepi 1
Pepi 2
Peres, Shimon
Amir Peretz
Persepolis
Persia
Persian Gulf
Persian language
Pesach
Peshmerga
Petah Tiqwa
Petra
Phalangists
Pharaoh
Pharisees
Philae
Philippicus
Philistines
Phocas
Phoenicia
– religion
Phrygia
PLO
Polisario
Pontus
Pope
Port Said
Priest
Protestant churches
Psametik 1
Psametik 2
Psametik 3
Ptah
Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemy 1
Ptolemy 2
Ptolemy 3
Ptolemy 4
Ptolemy 5
Ptolemy 6
Ptolemy 7/8
Ptolemy 12
Ptolemy 13
Punic Wars
Purim
Pyramids
Pyramids of Giza

Q

Q
Qa'a
Qaboos ibn Said
Qadi
Qadiriya
Qahira
Qa'ida, Al-
Qala'un
Qamishli
al-Qaradawi, Yusuf
Qarmatians
Qasim, Abdul Karim
Qatar
Qatif
Qattara
Qayen
Qazvin
Qiyas
Qibla
Qiyas
Qom
Quchan
Quds, Al
Qutb, Sayyid
Qurei, Ahmed
Qur'an, The

R

Rabat
Rabbi
Rabin, Yitzhak
Er-Rachidia
Raï
Ramadan
Ramadan War
Ramadi
Ramallah
Ramesseum
Ramitti, Cheikha
Ramses 1
Ramses 2
Ramses 3
Ramses 4
Ramses 5
Ramses 6
Ramses 7
Ramses 8
Ramses 9
Ramses 10
Ramses 11
Raneferef
Raqqa
Rasht
Ra'y
Re
Red Sea
Redjedef
Rehovot
Relizane
Ridda
Rif Mountains
Rifa'i
Riyadh
Rize
Roman Catholic Church
Romanus 1
Romanus 2
Romanus 3
Rosetta
Rosh Hashanah
Rosso
Rub al-Khali

S

Sa
Saadawi, Nawal El
Sabah clan
– Abdullah 3
– Ahmad 1
– Jaber 2
– Sabah 3
Sabbath
Sabellianism
Sabzevar
Sadat, Anwar as-
Sadducees
al-Sadr, Muqtada
Safavids
Saff
as-Saffah
Safi
Sahara
Sahrawi
Sahure
Said, Edward W.
Said ibn Taimur
Said Pasha
Saïda
Sais
Saladin
Salafism
Salalah
Salat, as-
Salé
Saleh, Ali Abdullah
Sallal, Abdullah as-
Samaritans
Samarra
Samsun
San'a
Sanakhte
Sanandaj
Sand War
Sanliurfa
San Remo Agreement
Sanusi
Saqqara
Sargon
Sari
Sardis
Sarkis, Elias
Sassanid dynasty
Satet
Satrap
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Aramco
Sa'ud
Sawm
Sayda
Schistosomiasis
Scorpion
Sea people
Sebha
Second Gulf War
Sefrou
Sekhemkhet
Sekhmet
Seleucid Dynasty
Selim 1
Selim 2
Selim 3
Seljuqs
Semitic languages
Semitic, West religions
Semnan
Serapis
Serket
Sesostris 1
Sesostris 2
Sesostris 3
Seth
Seti 1
Seti 2
Setif
Settat
Seveners
Seven Wonders of the World
Shabak
Sfax
Shafi'i
Shafi'i, Abu Abdullah ash-
Shahada
Shahr-e Rey
Shahr Kord
Shamir, Yitzhak
Sharett, Moshe
Shari'a
Sharif, Omar
Sharm el-Sheikh
Sharon, Ariel
Shatt al-Arab
Shavuoth
Shaykh
Sheba
Shepseskaf
Shepseskare
Shi'i Islam
Shibam
Shibin al-Kawm
Shilluk
Shiraz
Shoshenq 1
Shubra al-Khayma
Shushtar
Sidi Bel Abbes
Sidi Ifni
Siffin, Battle of
Sinai
Sipahi
Sira
Sirte
Ali al-Sistani
Sivas
Siwa
Six-Day War
Skikda
Smenkhkare
Snefru
Sobek
Socotra
Sohag
Soleb
Solomon
Sousse
Spanish North Africa
Sphinx
Stauracius
Sudan
Suez
Suez Canal
Suez, Gulf of
Suez-Sinai War
Sufism
Suhar
Sukkoth
Sulayman
Sulaymaniyah
Süleyman 1
Süleyman 2
Sultan
Sumer
Sunna
Sunni
Suq
Sura
Susa
Suweida
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Synagogue
Synod
Syria
Syrian Orthodox Church

T

Tabarka
Tabriz
Tabuk
Taharqa
Tahtaci
Ta'if, At
Taimur ibn Faisal
Ta'izz
Takelot 2
Talabani, Jalal
Talal
Talmud
Tamanrasset
Tangier
Tanta
Tanzimat
Tanzimat
Taqiyya
Taqiyya religions
Taqlid
Tar
Tariqa
Tarkan
Taroudannt
Tarsus
Tartus
Taurus Mountains
Tasawwuf
Taweret
Tawfiq Pasha
Tawhid
Taza
Tebessa
Teheran
Tel Aviv
Temple of Amon
Temple of Jerusalem
Tenes
Tertullian
Teti
Tetouan
Thani, Hamad
Thani, Khalifa
Thebes
Theodora
Theodosius 1
Theodosius 2
Theodosius 3
Theophilus
Thinis
Thomas, Gospel of
Thoth
Thrasamund
Tiaret
Tiberias
Tiberius 2 Constantinus
Tiberius 3
Tikrit
Tigris
Tindouf
Tizi Ouzou
Tiznit
Tlemcen
Tobruk
Tokat
Torah
Touggourt
Tozeur
Trabzon
Trench, Battle of the
Tripoli (Leb.)
Tripoli (Lib.)
Tripoli, Countship of
Troglodyte
Trucial States
Tuareg
Tunis
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkish
Turks
Toshka Lakes
Tutankhamon
Tuthmosis 1
Tuthmosis 2
Tuthmosis 3
Tuthmosis 4
Twelvers
Tyre

U

Ugarit
Ugaritic
Uhud, Battle of
Ulama
Umar 1
Umar 2
Umma
Umayyad
Umm Kulthum
(Egyptian singer)
Umm Kulthum
(Islam)
Umra
Unas
United Arab Emirates
UN Security Council Resolutions
– 242
– 338
– 425
– 687
Ur
Uruk
Usak
Userkaf
Userkare
US/British-Iraq War
Uthman

V

Valens
Valentianism
Van
Vandals
Vendidad
Vizier
Vohu Manah
Volubilis

W
Wafd
Wahhabism
al-Walid 1
Waliy
Waqf
Warda
War of Attrition
al-Wathiq
West Bank
Western Sahara
Wonders of the World, Seven

X
Xerxes 1

Y
Yahya
Yamm
Yanbu
Yarmuk River
Yasht
Yasuj
Yazd
Yazdanism
Yazid 1
Yazidism
Yemen
– North
– South
Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur War
Yozgat

Z
Zabid
Zagazig
Zaghlul, Sa'ad
Zagora
Zagros Mountains
Zahedan
Zahle
Zainab bint Jash
Zainab bint Khuzaima
Zainab bint Muhammad
Zakat
Zamzam
Zande
Zangi
Zangid Dynasty
Zanjan
Zarathustra
Zarqa
al-Zarqawi, Abu Musab
Zawiya
Zawiyya
Zaydism
Zaza
Zealots
Zeno
Zeroual, Liamine
Ziyadid Dynasty
Zoser
Ziggurat
Zile
Zionism
Ziyadid Dynasty
Zliten
Zoe
Zonguldak
Zoroastrianism
Zouerate
Zurvanism